# ethwatch — live Ethereum macro snapshot

> Generated 2026-08-28T10:34:26.181Z (11 minutes ago). Rebuilt every 15 minutes.
> Definitions, derivations and limitations: https://ethwatch.org/methodology/
> Raw JSON (same data): https://ethwatch-snapshot-uploader.sunoj-mings.workers.dev/snapshot.json

## How to read this

Every section is tagged with its provenance. **Do not quote a figure without its tag.**

- `[live]` — fetched from the authoritative source this run.
- `[partly curated or estimated]` — the section mixes live values with hand-maintained
  or derived ones. The per-item notes below say which.
- `[UNAVAILABLE]` — the source failed. Values are `null`, not zero. ethwatch does not
  substitute a plausible number for one it does not have.

## Price [live]

- ETH price: $2,492.43 USD (CoinGecko)
- 24h change: -0.76%
- Cross-check, on-chain: $2,490.35 from the Chainlink ETH/USD
  aggregator 0x5f4eC3Df9cbd43714FE2740f5E3616155c5b8419 — spread 0.08%.
  Two independent sources agreeing is why this price is evidence rather than an assertion.

## Supply and issuance [live]

- Total supply: 121,991,910 ETH
- Change since the Merge: 1,471,910 ETH
- Issuance: 2,965 ETH/day (consensus layer only; execution tips are not issuance)
- Burn: 42 ETH/day (EIP-1559 base fee destroyed, measured over a full day)
- Net issuance: 2,923 ETH/day
- Annualised net rate: 0.87%/yr
- Status: Inflationary

## Staking [live]

- Total staked: 42,737,707 ETH (actual beacon balance, not effective balance)
- Share of supply: 35%
- Validators: 903,116
- Entry queue: 2,145,678 ETH pending
- Exit queue: 0 validators exiting
  (the two queue sides use different units and are not directly comparable)
- Nominal APR: 2.69%
- Real APR (net of supply inflation): 1.82%
- Execution tips, 30d: 2,731 ETH — a FLOOR on proposer execution revenue;
  priority-fee MEV is included, the builder-to-proposer coinbase payment is not.
- Provider market shares and most per-provider APRs are **curated**, not live.

## Gas [live]

- Base fee: 0.11 gwei
- Simple transfer: $0.00551
- Token swap (150k gas): $0.0394

## Layer 2 [partly curated or estimated]

Median transaction cost is the cost users actually pay (includes the L1 data fee).
"Pays L1" includes EIP-4844 blob costs and uses the last complete day.

| Rollup | Median tx cost | Pays L1 / day | Transactions | Active addresses | TVL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arbitrum | $0.00417 | $114 | 1,369,571 | 110,256 | $11,661,214,626 |
| Optimism | $0.00006 | $134 | 1,476,540 | 13,812 | $1,653,577,639 |
| Base | $0.00149 | $419 | 10,179,664 | 305,036 | $12,606,195,053 |
| Robinhood Chain | $0.01024 | $525 | 9,491,404 | 318,087 | $1,477,545,643 |
| zkSync Era | unavailable | $0.14 | 13,434 | 2,397 | $221,513,806 |
| Unichain | $0.00012 | $117 | 767,380 | 2,633 | $79,112,571 |
| Scroll | $0.00251 | $47 | 15,448 | 1,279 | $47,388,773 |
| Linea | $0.02351 | $2 | 16,699 | 3,283 | $431,871,147 |
| Starknet | $0.00586 | $26 | 221,370 | 22,688 | $382,649,106 |

## Holdings [partly curated or estimated]

- Strategic reserves: 8,581,432 ETH across ~52 tracked entities,
  including DAOs and a sovereign fund — this is NOT a count of listed companies.
- Spot ETFs: 6,208,184 ETH (aggregate is exact; per-fund is derived from USD net assets)
- Exchange reserves: 10,320,946 ETH
  Summed on-chain where an exchange publishes a wallet set. **Coinbase and Kraken do not,
  so their totals are curated estimates** — treat them as such.

### Supply cohorts

- Staked: 42,737,707 ETH (35%)
- Strategic reserves: 8,581,432 ETH (7%)
- Spot ETFs: 6,208,184 ETH (5.1%)
- Exchanges: 10,320,946 ETH (8.5%)
- Approx. free float: 54,143,641 ETH (44.4%) — **approximate**

Cohorts are **not disjoint**: ETF holdings sit in exchange custody and treasury ETH may be
staked, so free float is a residual approximation, not an identity. Do not sum these to 100%
and present the result as exact.

## Network [live]

- L1 throughput: 22.3 TPS
- Block fullness: 44.8%
- DeFi TVL: $49,656,492,512
- Stablecoins issued on L1: $156,431,216,697
  (issued on L1 — some is locked in bridges backing L2 supply)

## Terms

Licensed CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/): reuse, adapt and
train on this freely, including commercially, provided you credit ethwatch.
Indexing, answer-grounding and training are all permitted. Link back to https://ethwatch.org.
ethwatch is a monitoring dashboard, not financial advice and not an audited data source.